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A chemical knockout of the virulence regulator ClpP by β-lactones in Listeria monocytogenes resulted in a reduced production of the major virulence factor listeriolysin O as well as of PI-phospholipase C. This led to a significant decrease in intracellular replication of the pathogen in mouse macrophage cells.
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Böttcher et al. (2009) studied this question.
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