Conductivity and Magnetization at the Microscopic Mechanism

Classical electromagnetic theory contains ambiguities in describing the microscopic electron motion mechanisms of metallic conduction and ferromagnetic magnetization. It fails to strictly distinguish the different regulation rules of electric fields and magnetic fields on electron motion, and cannot reasonably explain many basic physical phenomena. For example, copper, a good conductor, possesses abundant free electrons but exhibits no room temperature ferromagnetism. Iron, cobalt and nickel can realize conduction and magnetization simultaneously, and conventional conduction will not change the macroscopic physical properties of materials. Based on microscopic atomic structures and observable physical phenomena, this paper constructs a self consistent new microscopic mechanism model. The research shows that under zero voltage conditions in metals, outer free electrons carry out stable circular motion around atomic nuclei. When voltage is applied for electric conduction, free electrons terminate orbital circular motion and only reciprocate and vibrate within the inherent region outside the atomic shell, transferring energy packets through relay between adjacent electrons to realize macroscopic electric conduction. Magnetization relies on an external magnetic field to adjust the rotation orientation of outer weakly bound electrons, and forms a macroscopic magnetic field through crystal lattice locking of uniform rotation states. Two sets of discriminative schemes for theoretical screening and experimental verification are further put forward in this paper, which can be used to distinguish the hierarchical attribution of conductive electrons and magnetizable electrons, and provide new theoretical ideas for the improvement of electromagnetic microscopic mechanisms and the research on electromagnetic properties of materials.