Impact of Traditional Moroccan Diets on Cardiovascular Health: Study at CHU Casablanca

Introduction Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of mortality in Morocco. The traditional Moroccan diet is rich in beneficial foods such as vegetables, fruits, legumes, and olive oil, but it also includes a high intake of salt, which can negatively impact cardiovascular health. This study aims to evaluate the impact of the traditional Moroccan diet on cardiovascular health in patients consulting at CHU Casablanca. Methods This cross-sectional study involved 200 adult patients from the cardiology department at CHU Casablanca. Dietary habits were assessed using a questionnaire adapted to the Moroccan context. Clinical data, including blood pressure, cholesterol levels, fasting blood glucose, and body mass index (BMI), were collected. Cardiovascular risk factors were analyzed based on adherence to the traditional Moroccan diet, and regression models were used to adjust for confounding variables. Results Of the 200 patients, 56% adhered to the traditional Moroccan diet. These patients had higher blood pressure, LDL cholesterol, fasting glucose, and BMI compared to those following other diets. The mean systolic blood pressure in the traditional diet group was 140 mmHg compared to 135 mmHg in the other group. The prevalence of CVDs was slightly higher among the traditional diet group (22% vs. 18%). Regression analysis showed a moderate association between the traditional diet and an increased risk of CVDs (OR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.05-1.40). Discussion The findings indicate that the traditional Moroccan diet, despite its beneficial components, is associated with an increased risk of CVDs, primarily due to its high salt content. The excessive salt intake may contribute to elevated blood pressure and increased cardiovascular risk. Conclusion This study highlights the need to raise awareness about reducing salt intake while preserving the beneficial elements of the traditional Moroccan diet to improve cardiovascular health.