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Measured frequency fluctuation spectra S_δf in ring lasers show that S_δf=h_-1ν+h_-2ν² at low Fourier frequencies ν, while white noise prevails at higher frequencies. Experimentally, S_δf=(Āf₀²Q⁴)(1ν) has been found for the dependence of the 1ν noise (flicker noise) on the quality factor Q, with Ā≈4 (f₀=laserfrequency). The Q^-4 dependence is readily explained by loss (or gain) fluctuations, through use of a Van der Pol oscillator.
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Sayeh et al. (1985) studied this question.
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