Key result
Renovascular hypertension affects ~30% of severe refractory hypertension cases, primarily from atherosclerotic disease.
Why the study?
Atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis is the most common cause of renovascular hypertension, which occurs in a significant proportion of patients with hypertension and severe refractory hypertension.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (RAS) is a secondary cause of hypertension (1). RAS causes renal ischemia which leads to renin release from the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidneys (2). Renin release activates conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II and increases adrenal gland release of aldosterone (3). Angiotensin II causes vasoconstriction, and aldosterone causes increased retention of sodium and water, both leading to renovascular hypertension (RVHT) (3). RVHT occurs in 1% to 5% of persons with hypertension and in 20% to 40% of persons with severe refractory hypertension or persons having diagnostic coronary angiography (4). Atherosclerotic RAS is the most common cause of RVHT (5).
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Wilbert S. Aronow (2017) conducted a review in Atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis and renovascular hypertension. Renovascular hypertension occurs in 1% to 5% of persons with hypertension and in 20% to 40% of those with severe refractory hypertension, most commonly caused by atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis.
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