Understanding Healthcare Professionals’ Perspectives on Cannabis for Medical Purposes in Canada: A Scoping Review

Background: The legalization of recreational cannabis in Canada has raised significant challenges for healthcare providers (HCPs), who are increasingly requested to navigate conversations with patients about cannabis use, effects, benefits, and risks. Summary: This scoping review aimed to: (1) identify HCP knowledge gaps and barriers related to medical cannabis use; (2) explore their perceptions and practices surrounding medical cannabis use in healthcare; and (3) assess HCP education and training needs. A search of PubMed, PsycNet, CINAHL, and grey literature identified 240 studies published between October 2018 and March 2026 that focused on Canadian HCP views, practices, challenges and needs related to medical cannabis. Of 187 articles screened, 26 met inclusion criteria. HCP-endorsed uses for medical cannabis were primarily for treatment of oncological nausea pain, chronic pain, and pediatric epilepsy. Many HCPs remain hesitant to consider cannabis in their treatment plans due to limited knowledge and training, stigma, regulatory challenges, cost, and insufficient clinical evidence. Across studies, HCPs expressed a strong desire for more formal cannabis education and clearer regulatory and institutional guidance. Key Messages: HCPs in Canada remain cautious about integrating cannabis into clinical care, citing safety concerns, limited clinical evidence, and systemic barriers. Addressing these challenges through targeted education and clearer clinical guidance may help build HCP confidence and support safer, evidence-informed patient care.