Haematological parameters and troponin I level as predictors of severity in scorpion envenomation, Sohag, Egypt

Background Scorpion envenomation is a major problem of public health worldwide, especially in North Africa, such as Egypt.Aim and Methods This prospective observational study was conducted at Sohag University Hospitals from January 1 to December 31, 2024, enrolling patients with scorpion envenomation diagnosed by history of a scorpion sting and compatible clinical findings. Because history alone may be unreliable in vulnerable populations, objective cost-effective biomarkers are essential here in Egypt to support the diagnosis.Results One hundred thirty-five scorpion envenomated patients were involved in the study. Twenty patients died during the study, while the majority, one hundred fifteen, survived. The mean age of the patients was 7.8 ± 6.9 years; the IQR was 6 (3–11) years, and the range was from 3 to 43 years. Most of the cases were from rural areas. There was no statistically significant difference between hemoglobin level and platelet count regarding the severity grading of envenomation in scorpion cases. There was a statistically significant increase in troponin I level and white blood cell count in grades III and II compared to grade I.Conclusion and recommendations The study concludes that serum troponin I and complete blood count should be performed by emergency clinicians in regions with limited echocardiographic and intensive care resources in grade two and three scorpion-envenomated patients to guide triage and risk stratification. A white blood cell count of >13,800/μL and a troponin I level of >1.0 ng/mL were identified as significant independent predictors of severe envenomation and may serve as practical clinical thresholds for early intervention.