Assessing the genetic diversity in potato genotypes to enhance yield and quality in temperate region of Kashmir valley

Potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) is a food crop of a global significance, and the production of high yielding cultivars that matches a specific agro-climate, is important to achieve food security. This study explored the genetic variability, association of traits and phylogenetic variation available in 53 genotypes of potato, which were grown in temperate environment of Kashmir valley in India. Statistically significant genotypic variation was observed for all the 19 quantitative and qualitative traits that were observed. Notably, traits like tuber yield (q/ha), total phenolic content and protein content showed high phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation and heritability with substantial genetic advance, indicating strong additive gene action, proving that direct selection for these characters can yield progress in both yield and quality traits. The correlation studies reflected a significant positive relationship between the yield of tuber and percent emergence, plant height. Further path coefficient analysis identified the number of tubers plant − 1 as the primary contributor to tuber yield, followed by average tuber weight and plant height, establishing these parameters as vital selection criteria for yield enhancement. Mahalanobis D 2 analysis grouped the genotypes into four different clusters. The maximum inter-cluster distance observed between Clusters II and IV highlights substantial genetic distinctness suitable for exploiting heterosis. Integrating high-yielding genotypes (SKAU-P-9, CR-7, and SKAU-P-6) with quality-rich genotypes (K. Neelkanth, Gulmarg Special, and P-81) provides a strategic foundation for targeted hybridization. Utilizing these distinct parental lines will facilitate the development of high-yielding, nutritionally superior, and climate-resilient cultivars tailored for temperate regions.