Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy, or Graves' ophthalmopathy, consists of an autoimmune inflammatory pathology that affects the extraocular muscles, as well as orbital fat and connective tissue.Treatment in moderate to severe cases can be rather problematic, since response to conventional treatment can be incomplete, which is why second-line treatments may be a therapeutic alternative, for example the use of biological agents, such as rituximab, and anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody.In this work, we present 3 cases of moderate to severe, corticoid-resistant, thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy, which were treated with intravenous rituximab.
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González-Treviño et al. (2026) studied this question.
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