3D transient wind camera incorporating 20×5 time division multiplexing MIMO Doppler lidar

To realize detection of 3D transient wind fields, a stereoscopic wind camera incorporating 20×5 Time-division-multiplexing MIMO Doppler lidar is proposed and experimentally validated. Evolving from a 10-channel planar wind camera, the new system adopts a 10×10 matrix-type transceiver layout, breaking through the limitation of 2D wind field imaging and enabling synchronous 3D wind field detection. Equipped with 20 integrated laser-receiver pairs and a single-aperture multichannel telecentric telescope, the system achieves a frame rate of 1 Hz, a detection range of 2.5 km, and a field of view of 30°, respectively. The system achieves a 20-fold improvement in volumetric sampling rate over conventional mechanical scanning, thereby reducing scan-cycle time-lag errors. Experiments show that the stereoscopic wind camera effectively resolves the evolution of dynamic three-dimensional wind fields. The 1 s volumetric observations also support robust 3D wind retrieval using a three-dimensional variational (3DVAR) method. This work provides a compact and high-refresh-rate route for 3D transient wind imaging in aviation safety, meteorological observation, and wind engineering.