Nanoaggregation of C60 Fullerene in a Benzene/Isopropyl Alcohol Binary Solvent System: A Comprehensive Analysis of Optical, Refractometric, Raman and Dynamic Light Scattering Studies

In this study, the process of forming nanoaggregates of C 60 fullerene molecules in a benzene and isopropyl alcohol (IPS)-based binary solvent system (IPS volume fraction 2–8%, C60 concentration 0.2 mg/ml) was investigated using a set of methods such as refractometry, areometry, UV–Vis optical absorption spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (YDS), and Raman spectroscopy. With increasing IPS concentration, the refractive index of the solution decreased from 1.4949 to 1.4851, and the density decreased from 0.8672 to 0.8564 g/cm3. According to the results of the YDS, the dominant cluster size in C 60/benzene solution was ≈17 nm, and when the IPS proportion was 2, 4, 6 and 8%, it increased to ≈20–40, ≈31, ≈80–120 and ≈150–220 nm, respectively, the system switched from monodisperse to polydisperse state. but rather a phased (monomer → solved state → clustering → large nanoaggregates) process, with the formation of a quasi-stable system at low IPS stakes (2–4%) and a destabilized system at high stakes (6–8%).