Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with a substantial and persistent risk of depression, often complicated by cognitive, behavioral, and functional changes.We present a 59-year-old woman who developed progressive depressive symptoms, irritability, and short-term memory difficulties following a moderate TBI.Her presentation required careful consideration of multiple potential contributors to her mood symptoms, including a remote history of substance use, psychosocial stressors, and neurologic injury.This case highlights the diagnostic complexity of depression after TBI and reviews the available evidence for treatment approaches in this population.
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Balen et al. (2026) studied this question.
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