Dynamic Compatibility Analysis of Pantograph and Overhead Conductor Rail Considering Aerodynamic Effects During High-Speed Tunnel Passage

Stable current collection of pantograph–overhead conductor rail (POCR) systems becomes increasingly challenging during high-speed tunnel entry and exit because tunnel-induced aerodynamic loads and stiffness discontinuities in transition sections jointly affect the pantograph–OCR interaction. This study develops a framework linking train–pantograph aerodynamics with POCR dynamics for operation at 200 km/h. Three typical pantographs are compared in terms of aerodynamic response and current collection performance, after which the effects of key pantograph and OCR parameters are investigated. A semi-analytical indicator based on the complex modulus of the harmonic force is used to screen candidate pantograph parameters near the OCR span-passing frequency. A gradual support stiffness arrangement is further introduced in the transition section. Based on these analyses, an integrated parameter-matching scheme is established and evaluated numerically. In the comparison reported for the proposed scheme, the standard deviation of contact force decreases from 21.57 N to 9.46 N, the maximum contact force decreases from 182.32 N to 114.35 N, and the contact-loss rate decreases from 0.48% to 0.00%. The reported improvements apply to the investigated 200 km/h tunnel-passage configuration.