Transition from logistics 4.0–5.0: a BWM-TISM analysis of factors influencing technology adoption for sustainable warehouse management

This study investigates the factors influencing the adoption of Logistics-4.0 technologies for sustainable warehouse management and explains why the transition to human-centric Logistics-5.0 remains limited. Grounded in the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) framework and institutional theory, it examines how economic, environmental and social considerations are prioritised under regulatory and competitive pressures. The study combines the Best-Worst Method (BWM) with Total Interpretive Structural Modelling (TISM) to prioritise crucial adoption factors and illustrate their hierarchical relationships. The results show that adoption cost and digital readiness are the most significant drivers, whereas human resource implications and safety and security appear as highly dependent, low-priority outcomes. TISM conceptualises the regulatory environment as the root driver, triggering a mimetic rush towards digital readiness and operational efficiency, while positioning social dimensions as an intermediary shock absorber of technological changes. The study proposes a three-phase strategic roadmap to support a more balanced progression from Logistics 4.0 to 5.0.