From role to competency: mapping competencies for data visualization services among academic librarians

Purpose This study aims to develop a role-oriented competency framework for data visualization services (DVS) among academic librarians. It seeks to address the limitations of existing competency models, which are often static and insufficiently aligned with librarians’ actual service roles, by explicitly linking competencies to practical responsibilities in the context of research communication and user engagement. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative research design was adopted, using semi-structured interviews with 24 academic librarians from top-tier universities in China. The collected data were analyzed thematically to identify recurring patterns in roles, responsibilities and required competencies related to DVS. Findings The study proposes a competency framework structured around four key service roles: steward, trainer, collaborator and advocate. These roles encompass 11 core responsibilities, each associated with specific knowledge, skills and attributes. The findings highlight the multifaceted nature of DVS and demonstrate how competencies vary depending on librarians’ functional roles. Originality/value This research advances the theoretical understanding of data visualization competencies by introducing a dynamic, role-based framework that closely reflects professional practice. It offers practical value for academic libraries by informing targeted professional development, strategic staffing and the design of data-driven services in support of digital scholarship.