Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic, immune-mediated disease characterized by esophageal dysfunction and progression to fibrostenotic remodeling. Advances in understanding the underlying type 2 inflammatory pathways have led to the development of targeted biologic therapies, with dupilumab representing the first approved agent for this condition. This chapter reviews the pathophysiology of EoE and rationale for targeted therapies including mechanisms of action, key clinical trial data, and emerging therapies under investigation. As therapeutic options expand, important questions remain regarding patient selection and personalization of therapy, optimal treatment positioning, and the long-term safety and effectiveness of biologic therapy.
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Ketchem et al. (2026) studied this question.
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