Soil Response Against Oblique Motion of Pipes

The four principal directions of buried pipeline restraint are vertical‐ uplift, horizontal‐lateral, vertical‐bearing, and longitudinal‐axial. The remaining soil restraint categories out‐of‐plane with the primary directions are associated with oblique pipe motion. An analogy is made between restraint of buried inclined anchor plates and restraint of pipelines subjected to motion in the horizontal‐vertical (lateral‐uplift) direction. The behavior of soil restraint for inclined anchors is extended to buried circular pipes. Tentative design procedures are proposed to develop bilinear load‐displacement relationships for soil restraint of pipelines subjected to horizontal‐vertical motion.