Enhanced cycling stability and initial coulombic efficiency of LiCoO2//Bi2O3@NaBi(MoO4)2 Li-ion full cells through anode prelithiation

Although many recent studies have explored Bi–Mo materials as high-performance anode candidates for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the lack of electrochemical studies on full-cell configurations has left a significant gap in evaluating the practical performance of these materials. In this study, a Li-ion full cell employing a Bi 2 O 3 @NaBi(MoO 4 ) 2 anode and a hydrothermally optimized LiCoO 2 cathode was fabricated and reported for the first time. The electrochemical performance of the full cells with and without anode prelithiation was investigated. Electrochemical prelithiation was performed by subjecting the anode to five charge–discharge cycles in a Li-metal half-cell before full-cell assembly. The full cells incorporating a prelithiated anode were designated as FC_PNa, whereas the full cells composed of two fresh electrodes were designated as FC_Na. The results showed that FC_PNa achieved high specific charge and discharge capacities of ∼140 and 117.8 mAh g −1 , respectively, in the first cycle. After 100 cycles, the specific charge and discharge capacity of FC_PNa was 2.5-fold higher than that of FC_Na. Simultaneously, the initial coulombic efficiency significantly improved from 40.7% to 84.1% owing to the prelithiation process. The full cell using a traditional graphite anode (FC_PG) delivered a higher initial specific capacity and better capacity recovery during the rate test, whereas FC_PNa exhibited higher capacity retention during prolonged cycling, demonstrating a trade-off between these performance characteristics. These results validate the applicability of the Bi 2 O 3 @NaBi(MoO 4 ) 2 anode in a LiCoO 2 full cell and quantitatively demonstrate the beneficial effect of anode prelithiation on the electrochemical performance of this specific full cell system.