Prevalence and Determinants of Misconceptions Regarding Postoperative Complications Among Surgical Patients

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Background: Misconceptions regarding postoperative complications are common among surgical patients and may negatively influence their understanding, expectations, and adherence to medical advice. These misconceptions may increase anxiety levels after surgery and interfere with the natural recovery process. They are often shaped by sociodemographic, educational, and cultural factors, highlighting the importance of patient education and health literacy. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Aleppo, Syria, between December 30, 2025, and February 1, 2026. The study was carried out at two major hospitals, one public and one private. A total of 306 surgical patients were included. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire administered through face-to-face interviews conducted by trained fifth-year medical students. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 25.0. Spearman’s rank correlation test was used to assess associations between Likert-scale responses and independent variables. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of misconceptions. Results: A substantial proportion of patients demonstrated misconceptions regarding postoperative complications. Increasing age was significantly associated with certain misconceptions (OR = 1.02). Rural residence was associated with higher odds of misconceptions related to surgical outcomes (OR = 2.22–2.80). Lower educational level was identified as a significant predictor for several misconceptions (OR = 0.69–0.76), indicating a protective effect of higher education. Male sex was associated with lower odds of specific misconceptions (OR = 0.43–0.58). Correlation analysis further demonstrated a weak but significant inverse relationship between education level and misconception scores. Additionally, 39.8% of participants were unable to identify any postoperative complications, highlighting substantial gaps in patient awareness. Cultural beliefs, including non-medical explanations such as the “evil eye,” were also reported. Conclusion: Misconceptions regarding postoperative complications are prevalent among surgical patients and are influenced by multiple sociodemographic factors. Improving patient education and strengthening physician–patient communication are essential to reduce these misconceptions and enhance surgical outcomes.