Artificial Intelligence and Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders: Predicting Malignant Transformation and Recurrence

Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) are heterogeneous conditions with a significantly increased risk of developing oral squamous cell carcinoma. Traditional risk assessment methods are often subjective, largely unidimensional, and insufficient for individualized prediction of malignant transformation, treatment response, or disease recurrence. Artificial intelligence (AI) models developed with diverse patient data may improve OPMD risk assessment and provide more individualized decision support to clinicians. As such, this review discusses AI's role, available models, current evidence, and implementation challenges to applying this technology for OPMD risk assessment and management.