Graphene significantly enhances the performance of piezoelectric (PENG), triboelectric (TENG), and hybrid piezoelectric-triboelectric (H-P/TENG) nanogenerators by regulating polarization, dielectric behavior, charge transport, and interfacial coupling. This review presents a critical analysis of graphene-enabled energy conversion through a unified Structure-Property-Mechanism-Performance (SPMP) framework, demonstrating how graphene governs the complete pathway from charge generation to practical power delivery. Unlike conventional reviews that emphasize voltage enhancement or material development in isolation, this work regards graphene's contribution to current-density optimization, charge synchronization, impedance matching, and energy-transfer efficiency as essential design principles in the transition from mechanical energy harvesting to the delivery of useable power and its subsequent integration with electrochemical energy-storage systems. The paper also critically examines the challenges that remain and highlights future research opportunities, focusing on scalable fabrication, long-term durability, power-management strategies, and the integration of harvesting with storage in order to achieve reliable self-powered wearable and Internet-of-Things systems.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Samsi et al. (2026) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context: