Assessing Emergency Preparedness and Disaster Response in Samarinda Hospitals

Hospitals represent critical urban infrastructure constitutionally mandated to maintain uninterrupted healthcare operations during catastrophic events. Due to its unique geographical and urban characteristics, Samarinda City faces severe dual threats from hydrometeorological hazards (floods) and anthropogenic hazards (fires). This study evaluates disaster preparedness and mitigation levels across six major referral hospitals in Samarinda and develops an integrated hospital resilience model. Utilizing a mixed-methods survey design, data were collected from 119 strategic personnel representing disaster mitigation teams, facilities support, and executive management. Quantitative questionnaire data were transformed via the Method of Successive Intervals (MSI) and subjected to multiple linear regression analysis to empirically validate the framework. The omnibus test demonstrated an excellent model fit, with the non-structural predictors collectively accounting for 68.4% of the variance in hospital disaster resilience ( =0.684, (4, 114) = 61.725, < 0.001). Individually, Emergency Response Planning exerted the most robust linear influence ( = 0.315, < 0.001), followed closely by Knowledge and Attitude ( = 0.280, = 0.001) and Resource Mobilization ( = 0.245, < 0.001). Observational checklists further revealed that while structural safety generally achieved an "Adequate" baseline (61%–80%), acute latent risks persist in active software parameters and technological warning networks ( = 0.081). Managerially, this study demonstrates that physical building reliability alone induces a false sense of security if not synchronized with formalized, institutionalized non-structural operational engines. It is recommended that local governments mandate the Hospital Safety Index (HSI) parameters as a legally binding prerequisite for annual hospital licensing to systematically anchor public health infrastructure within regional urban risk-reduction policies.