The Effect of Preoperative High-Intensity Functional Interval Training on Outcomes in Lumbar Spinal Fusion

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association, and pathophysiological plausibility, a weighted scoring model (ST Score) was constructed.Results: Major criteria included axial angulation >10 • , sagittal translation >3 mm, vacuum phenomenon, and axial mechanical pain.Minor criteria comprised pelvic incidence >50 • , translation between 1-3 mm, angulation 5-10 • , synovial cyst, Modic type I-II changes, reduced disc height, and facet joint effusion >1 mm.The ST Score defines instability when ≥2 major criteria or ≥1 major plus ≥3 minor criteria are present.This structured framework consolidates multidimensional radiological and clinical markers into a reproducible instability construct intended to support surgical stratification.Conclusion: The ST Score represents an evidence-informed prototype model designed to standardize the assessment of segmental instability in degenerative lumbar disease.By integrating radiographic, biomechanical, and clinical indicators into a unified framework, this model addresses current variability in surgical indication strategies.Prospective cohort-based validation studies are required to determine diagnostic performance, predictive accuracy, and interobserver reliability.