Camera calibration of the first Large-Sized Telescope of the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory

The Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory (CTAO), a forthcoming very-high-energy gamma-ray facility, will use the Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Technique (IACT) to achieve unprecedented energy and angular resolution from 20 GeV to 300 TeV. Large-Sized Telescopes (LSTs) are crucial for the low-energy range. This paper details the calibration tools and methods developed for the first LST (LST-1) to ensure the precise conversion of photomultiplier tube signals and accurate photon timing, vital for the reconstruction of extensive air showers. This framework supports LST-1’s early science and will be applied to future LSTs.