Acute Myocardial Infarction in Young Adults (30–40 years): A Systematic Review of Risk Factors, Clinical Characteristics, and Outcomes

Introduction: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, representing a major challenge for healthcare systems due to its high incidence, healthcare costs, and functional and socioeconomic consequences associated with the disease. Objective: To conduct a systematic review of the literature on acute myocardial infarction in young adults aged 30 to 40 years, synthesizing available evidence regarding risk factors, clinical presentation characteristics, and the main clinical outcomes described in the scientific literature. Methods: This study consists of a systematic review, classified as exploratory and descriptive. The research was developed through a bibliographic search in electronic databases, following methods associated with Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and applications of the SMARTER (Simple MultiAttribute Rating Technique using Exploiting Rankings) method. Results: The studies demonstrated that young adults had lower rates of in-hospital and shortterm mortality compared with older populations, probably due to a lower burden of comorbidities and greater functional reserve. However, the persistence of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, particularly smoking, obesity, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus, was associated with an increased risk of recurrent cardiovascular events, reinfarction, the need for repeat revascularization, and the development of heart failure during follow-up. Conclusion: This systematic review demonstrated that acute myocardial infarction in young adults represents an important public health concern, with its incidence increasing in recent decades due to greater exposure to modifiable cardiovascular risk factors.