Key result
Impaired fasting glucose linked to ~20% higher CVD risk.
Why the study?
The magnitude of the relative risk for cardiovascular disease associated with impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance was unclear.
Does pre-diabetes (impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance) increase the risk of cardiovascular disease?
Meta-Analysis
Does pre-diabetes (impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance) increase the risk of cardiovascular disease?
Relative Risk: 1.2 (95% CI 1.12–1.28)
Pre-diabetes, indicated by impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance, is associated with a modest but significant increase in the risk for cardiovascular disease.
OBJECTIVES: Our objective was to estimate the magnitude of the relative risk (RR) for cardiovascular disease associated with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) from published prospective observational studies. BACKGROUND: Hyperglycemia is a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, the magnitude of the RR for cardiovascular disease associated with IFG and IGT is unclear. METHODS: We searched PubMed from 1997 through 2008 for relevant publications and performed a meta-analysis. RESULTS: In 18 publications with information about IFG (110 to 125 mg/dl) (IFG 110), estimates of RR ranged from 0.65 to 2.50. The fixed-effects summary estimate of RR was 1.20 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12 to 1.28). In 8 publications with information about IFG (100 to 125 mg/dl) (IFG 100), estimates of RR ranged from 0.87 to 1.40. The fixed-effects summary estimate of RR was 1.18 (95% CI: 1.09 to 1.28). In 8 publications with information about IGT, estimates of RR ranged from 0.83 to 1.34. The fixed-effects summary estimate of RR was 1.20 (95% CI: 1.07 to 1.34). Five studies combined IFG and IGT, yielding a fixed-effects summary estimate of RR of 1.10 (95% CI: 0.99 to 1.23). No significant difference between the summary estimates for men and women were detected (IFG 110: men: 1.17 [95% CI: 1.05 to 1.31], women: 1.30 [95% CI: 1.10 to 1.54]; IFG 100: men: 1.23 [95% CI: 1.06 to 1.42], women: 1.16 [95% CI: 0.99 to 1.36]). CONCLUSIONS: Impaired fasting glucose and IGT are associated with modest increases in the risk for cardiovascular disease.
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Ford et al. (2010) conducted a meta-analysis in Pre-Diabetes (Impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance). Impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance vs. Normal glucose tolerance / Normoglycemia was evaluated on Cardiovascular disease (RR 1.20, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.28). Impaired fasting glucose (110-125 mg/dl) was associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (RR 1.20; 95% CI 1.12-1.28), as was impaired glucose tolerance (RR 1.20; 95% CI 1.07-1.34).
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