Key result
Bosentan prevents intermittent hypoxia-induced worsening of hypertension and infarct size via endothelin blockade.
Why the study?
Chronic intermittent hypoxia, a major component of obstructive sleep apnea, is thought to cause cardiovascular complications, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.
Does bosentan prevent intermittent hypoxia-induced hypertension and increased infarct size in spontaneous hypertensive rats?
Does bosentan prevent intermittent hypoxia-induced hypertension and increased infarct size in spontaneous hypertensive rats?
In an animal model of obstructive sleep apnea, intermittent hypoxia exacerbated hypertension and ischemic injury via HIF-1-mediated activation of the endothelin system, effects that were prevented by bosentan.
OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to investigate the involvement of the endothelin (ET) system in the cardiovascular consequences of intermittent hypoxia (IH). BACKGROUND: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome is an important risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity. Chronic IH, a major component of OSA, is thought to be responsible for most of the cardiovascular complications occurring during OSA, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be determined. METHODS: Chronic IH was applied in rats genetically prone to develop hypertension (spontaneous hypertensive rats [SHR]) and their normotensive controls. The cardiovascular effects were assessed in vivo and in Langendorff perfused hearts. Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1 activity and targeting of the myocardial ET-1 gene and activation of the ET system were investigated using tissue chromatin immunoprecipitation, enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay, immunostaining, and Western blotting. RESULTS: Chronic IH enhanced hypertension development and infarct size in SHR compared with that seen in control rats. This was accompanied by an increase in myocardial big ET-1, ET-1, and ET-A receptor expression and by an enhanced coronary vascular reactivity to ET-1 in SHR only. Myocardial HIF-1 activity was increased, and HIF-1 was shown to be linked to the promoter of the myocardial ET-1 gene after chronic IH only. Moreover, administration of bosentan, a mixed ET receptor antagonist, during chronic IH prevented both the increase in blood pressure and in infarct size. CONCLUSIONS: In SHR, activation of the ET system, mediated by HIF-1 activity, is responsible for the enhanced susceptibility to chronic IH and for its associated cardiovascular consequences leading to hypertension and ischemic injury. Furthermore, the beneficial effects of bosentan suggest exploring ET antagonists as possible therapeutic tools in OSA.
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Belaïdi et al. (2009) studied Obstructive sleep apnea and hypertension. Chronic intermittent hypoxia with or without bosentan vs. Normotensive controls / No bosentan was evaluated on Hypertension development and infarct size. Chronic intermittent hypoxia enhanced hypertension and infarct size in spontaneous hypertensive rats via endothelin system activation, effects that were prevented by bosentan administration.
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