Shear-Performance Analysis of Piezoelectric Anchors in Rock-Slope Monitoring

Bolt-stress monitoring is essential for rock-slope stability, yet conventional methods often fail to capture internal stress evolution and shear-surface locations. This study develops a piezoelectric anchor integrated with a self-sensing piezoelectric geotechnical cable (SPGC). Static-load double-shear tests were conducted under different shear-plane distances and rates. The SPGC voltage response correlated strongly with shear displacement, and the maximum monitored strain reached 6.34 %. Under the tested single-shear-plane conditions, the relative impedance and voltage responses identified the vicinity of the prescribed shear plane. Within 0.2–25 mm/min, effective voltage followed power-law relationships with R2 values of 0.98–0.99, whereas peak voltage followed exponential relationships with R2 values of 0.94–0.99. This research verifies the feasibility of using piezoelectric anchors to invert the depth and rate of rock mass slip, providing robust technical support for distributed dynamic monitoring and disaster early warning in geotechnical engineering.