Dynamic magnetic and hysteresis properties of an edge-modified Kekulene monolayer: A Monte Carlo study

Graphene-based materials have attracted increasing attention for applications in biomedicine, including drug delivery, and in energy-storage technologies. In this study, the dynamic magnetic properties and hysteresis behavior of an edge-modified Kekulene monolayer are investigated under a periodically oscillating magnetic field using Monte Carlo simulations. The system is described by a mixed-spin ( 2,3 / 2 ) Ising model. The effects of the driving-field amplitude h 0 , oscillation period τ , crystal-field parameters D σ and D s , intersublattice coupling J σ s , and temperature T are systematically examined. The results reveal a strong sensitivity of the dynamic magnetic response to both external-field conditions and intrinsic interaction parameters, leading to pronounced changes in the magnetization dynamics and diverse hysteresis-loop morphologies. In particular, increasing h 0 enhances the hysteresis-loop area (HLA) of the σ sublattice and the total system, whereas the S -sublattice response exhibits a pronounced nonmonotonic dependence. Variations in D σ and D s significantly modify the loop shape, coercive behavior, and enclosed area, reflecting changes in the competition between anisotropy and spin-reversal processes. The HLA also exhibits pronounced variations with the oscillation period and intersublattice coupling, with specific parameter regimes resulting in enhanced magnetic energy dissipation. Furthermore, the temperature dependence of the HLA is characterized by a well-defined maximum at an intermediate temperature, followed by a progressive decrease at higher temperatures due to thermally induced disorder. Overall, these results demonstrate that the dynamic hysteresis and magnetic energy dissipation of the Kekulene nanostructure can be effectively tuned through the external-field and microscopic interaction parameters, providing useful insights into the design of low-dimensional magnetic systems with controllable dynamic responses.