Interconnected communication mechanisms in plants and their ecological functions and agricultural implications

Plants interact through a coordinated communication network that enables them to perceive, process, and respond to environmental stimuli. This communication network consists of complex biological systems, including root systems, volatile organic compounds, RNA-based molecular signals, and fungal networks. Plants use these interconnected pathways to share information that regulates defense activation, resource distribution, and developmental processes. This review discusses the mechanisms of plant communication, the impacts of climate change on interplant signaling, and their ecological and agricultural significance. These insights will advance our understanding of plant survival strategies, community dynamics, and crop productivity within the broader context of ecology and sustainable agriculture.