Stepping into the Machine Chemist: An AI Vision-Driven Titration Robot for Learning by Creating

In the era of deep integration between artificial intelligence and scientific research, the machine chemist has emerged as a new paradigm for chemical experimental research. Grounded in the philosophy of learning by creating, we have designed an AI vision-driven titration robot (hereinafter referred to as AI-TitroBot) that students can build autonomously. Serving as an entry-level machine chemist, AI-TitroBot is capable of fully automated titration operations. It precisely identifies the titration end point through AI vision, automatically controls the peristaltic pump to cease titrant addition, and calculates both the consumed titrant volume and the concentration of the analyte solution based on calibrated flow rate and titration duration. Experimental results demonstrate that the device exhibits good repeatability. While the accuracy of the redox titration is relatively high, the acid–base titration still shows a systematic negative deviation of approximately 5%. The AI-TitroBot effectively strengthens students’ understanding of chemical principles while integrating interdisciplinary knowledge and skills from artificial intelligence, electronics, programming, and engineering design, thus exploring a feasible pathway for innovation in intelligent chemistry education.