Digital dementia: the cognitive, emotional and social impact of screen time on children in the internet age

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Technology has become an integral part of children’s daily lives, profoundly influencing their development, academic performance, and social interaction. The increase in screen time has raised concerns about its potential negative effects on cognitive, emotional, and social domains. Prolonged exposure to digital devices such as smartphones, tablets, and computers has been associated with attention deficits, memory impairments, social isolation, and other developmental challenges. This review explores the concept of “digital dementia,” a term describing cognitive difficulties associated with excessive screen use, particularly in children and adolescents. Overuse of digital technology can disrupt brain development; impair memory, attention, and emotional regulation; and contribute to mental health issues, such as anxiety and depression. Continuous exposure to digital stimuli may lead to cognitive overload, affecting neuroplasticity and hindering the brain’s natural ability to adapt and grow. While certain digital activities can enhance cognitive skills, including spatial reasoning and digital literacy, excessive screen time can have detrimental long-term effects, particularly in younger children. This review emphasizes the importance of a balanced approach to technology, including clear guidelines for limiting screen time and promoting physical, social, and offline activities, to mitigate the risks of digital dementia and support healthy cognitive and emotional development.