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c is not speed through space. c is rate of Time. Light is Time made visible. Photon = t0 = quantum of a moment. Time is Fifth Force from Pure Nothingness N0 = T 0 with particle Nothon. We further propose that the nothon is the fundamental, indivisible quantum of time, nothingness, and gravity. A nothon = t0 = quantum of a moment. Gravity, Dark Matter, Dark Energy, and Black Holes are all different configurations ofnothon density ρnothon. Section 5.1: The universe expands into Time. Time emerges from N0 and creates 3D Space.
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Khalid Masood (2026) studied this question.
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