Epidemiological Profile of Urinary Lithiasis in the Urology Department of Libreville University Hospital from January 2020 to September 2024

Introduction: Urinary stone disease is a common condition. They mainly form in the kidney but can occur anywhere in the urinary tract, leading to complications that can be serious. The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiological profile of urinary stone disease in the Urology Department of the Libreville University Hospital Center (CHUL) from 2020 to 2024. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study of patients treated for urinary lithiasis in the Urology Department of the CHUL between January 1, 2020, and September 30, 2024. Results: 184 patients were hospitalized during the study period for urinary lithiasis. The mean age was 42 ± 16.2 years, ranging from 11 to 85 years, and the sex ratio was 1: 1. Renal colic was the presenting symptom in 84.2% of cases. The stones were located in the upper urinary tract in 77.7% of cases. CT urography was performed in 90.2% of cases. The stones measured an average of 15.2 mm and were complicated in 50.5% of cases, including hydronephrosis (23.9%) followed by ureterohydronephrosis (19%). Conclusion: Urinary lithiasis is a common condition predominantly located in the upper urinary tract. This condition most often affects young, professionally active adults. The presence of serious complications highlights the need for earlier diagnosis of this condition.