Morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular diseases

Kardiovaskularne bolesti -globalni javnozdravstveni problemKardiovaskularne bolesti (KVB) su vodeÊe nezarazne bolesti, odgovorne za gotovo polovinu smrtnosti od nezaraznih bolesti.Prema podacima Svjetske zdravstvene organizacije, 2008.godine KVB su bile uzrok smrti 17,3 milijuna ljudi na razini svijeta (30% sveukupne smrtnosti), od toga, 7,3 milijuna smrti od ishemijskih bolesti srca, a 6,2 milijuna od cerebrovaskularnih bolesti.Viπe od 3 milijuna tih smrti bilo je u dobi do 60 godina.Udio prijevremenih smrti od KVB varira od 4% u visoko dohodovnim zemljama do 42% u nisko dohodovnim zemljama.Procjenjuje se da Êe do 2030.godine umirati 23,6 milijuna ljudi zbog KVB 1,2 .Prema Svjetskoj kardioloπkoj federaciji KVB su odgovorne za 10% optereÊenja bolestima izraæeno pokazateljem DALYs (u Ëiji izraËun ulaze izgubljene godine æivota radi prijevremenog umiranja i godine onesposobljenosti uslijed bolesti) u nisko dohodovnim zemljama i za oko 18% DALYs u visoko dohodovnim zemljama 3 .Pokazatelj izgubljene godine æivota (YLL) zbog Cardiovascular disease -a global public health problemCardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the major non-communicable diseases accountable for nearly a half of deaths from non-communicable diseases.According to the data of the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2008 the CVDs were the cause of death of 17.3 million of people at an international level (30% of all deaths), of whom 7.3 million of deaths were caused by ischemic heart disease and 6.2 million of deaths were caused by cerebrovascular diseases.More than 3 million of these deaths occurred at the age up to 60 years of age.The frequency of premature deaths from CVDs ranges from 4% in high-income countries to 42% in low-income countries.It is estimated that by the year 2030, some 23.6 million of people will die from CVD 1,2 .According to the World Heart Federation, CVD accounts for 10% of burden of diseases expressed by the indicator DALYs (disability adjusted life years -which includes years of life lost due to premature death and disability due to the disease) in low-income countries, and for about 18% of DALYs in highincome countries 3 .The indicator of years of life lost (YLL) SAÆETAK: Prema podacima Svjetske zdravstvene organizacije kardiovaskularne bolesti (KVB) uzrok su smrti 17,3 milijuna ljudi na razini svijeta, odnosno 30% ukupne smrtnosti, a na razini Europe odgovorne su za 47% svih smrti.U Hrvatskoj su takoer vodeÊi uzrok smrti s udjelom od 48,3% u ukupnom mortalitetu 2012.godine.Uzrok su smrti u 54,5% umrlih æena i 42,1% umrlih muπkaraca.U bolniËkom morbiditetu KVB su godinama na prvom ili drugom mjestu po broju hospitalizacija, izmje-njujuÊi se s malignim bolestima.Stope hospitalizacija za KVB rastu s dobi i viπe su u muπkaraca nego u æena u svim dobnim skupinama.Intenzivniji porast bolniËkog morbiditeta poËinje u dobi iznad 40 godina, desetak godina ranije od porasta smrtnosti.Posljednjih deset godina uoËava se kontinuirani trend smanjenja smrtnosti zbog KVB, πto je izraæenije za cerebrovaskularne bolesti, nego za ishemijsku bolest srca i to osobito za dob od 0 do 64 godine, no one su i dalje vodeÊi uzrok smrtnosti i pobola. KLJU»NE RIJE»I: kardiovaskularne bolesti, mortalitet, morbiditet.SUMMARY: According to the data provided by World Health Organization, the cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the cause of death of 17.3 million of people at an international level, or 30% of total mortality, whereas they account for 47% of all deaths at the European level.Even in Croatia, they are the major cause of death, accounting for 48.3% of total mortality in 2012.They are the cause of death of 54.5% of dead women and 42.1% of dead men.In hospital morbidity, CVDs have held the first or second place in the number of hospitalizations for years, alternating with malignant diseases.Hospitalization rates for CVD rise with age and are higher in men than in women in all age groups.Intense rise in hospital morbidity begins at the age of 40, ten years earlier than the rise in mortality.The period of the last ten years shows a continuing downward trend in mortality caused by CVD, which is more pronounced for cerebrovascular diseases, than for ischemic heart disease and especially for the age from 0 to 64, but they are still the major cause of mortality and morbidity.