The legal traditions of Indigenous Peoples and of much of the non-Western world are characteristically oral, relational, etched in carvings, seasonal, performative, and place-based. Their normative content lives in narrative, genealogy, ceremony, and the deliberations of communities; their authority is constituted through relationships between people, land, ancestors, and the non-human world. An AI system built to learn from text does not merely fail to locate such law. It is architecturally incapable of recognising legal knowledge in the forms in which that law exists.
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Karaitiana Taiuru (2026) studied this question.
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