A comparative analysis between different Ag based nanomaterials over an exponentially stretching sheet with entropy and velocity slip by using perturbation and numerical approaches

In this study, the improved heat transfer and thermodynamic irreversibility analysis of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) slip flow past an exponentially stretching sheet in a silver-based nanofluid in a porous medium are investigated. To extend the existing literature, the combined effects of thermal radiation, Brownian motion, thermophoresis, and viscous dissipation across Ag–blood, Ag–water, Ag–ethylene glycol, and Ag–kerosene nanofluids are considered. Analytical solutions are derived using the Homotopy perturbation method (HPM), while MATLAB bvp4c solver is used for numerical validation. After deriving the mathematical formulation and validating its accuracy, the impact of governing physical parameters on velocity, temperature, concentration, and entropy generation profiles is evaluated. The results establish various critical insights into fluid dynamics as well as thermodynamic behaviour. Enhancement in nanoparticle concentration and magnetic field strength considerably increases thermal boundary layer thickness in addition to total entropy generation, a systematic downward shift in local Nusselt number is perceived as magnetic parameter M increases from 0 to 5. In addition, the aggregating nanoparticle concentration and magnetic field strength considerably increased the thermal boundary layer thickness, in addition to the total entropy generation. Eventually, the study envisions the significant role of fluid selection and porous media resistance in optimizing thermal systems, proposing a viable pathway for minimizing thermal irreversibility in advanced engineering and physiological applications.