Polymer-based metasurfaces for scalable, reconfigurable and multifunctional nanophotonics

Optical metasurfaces have transformed nanoscale light control, but conventional platforms remain predominantly rigid and fabrication intensive. Polymer-based metasurfaces offer a complementary design space combining scalable manufacturing, mechanical compliance, chemical tunability, three-dimensional structuring, and functional molecular and nanoparticle incorporation. This Review examines polymer materials, fabrication strategies, and emerging applications in sensing, imaging, reconfigurable optics, light emission, and inverse-designed photonics, highlighting opportunities and challenges for scalable, adaptive, and multifunctional nanophotonic systems.