Multi-Level Governance of Trade and Investment: Theoretical Foundations and an Assessment Framework for Uzbekistan

The governance of trade and investment in Uzbekistan is examined from the perspective of multi-level governance theory. The study aims to identify the levels of the governance system, the mechanisms connecting them, and the factors limiting their collective effectiveness, as well as to propose a framework for assessing system performance. The research integrates a review of the literature on multilevel governance, public sector performance management, and investment promotion with a documentary analysis of presidential decrees and resolutions adopted during 2019–2023, official records of presidential meetings held during 2019–2026, and national statistical data. The findings indicate that the governance system has evolved into four interconnected levels: central, territorial, sectoral, and external. Vertical accountability mechanisms are well established, while horizontal coordination, standardized performance indicators, and shared information systems offer opportunities for further institutional development. Furthermore, official sources report three different figures for foreign investment in 2025 due to differences in measurement methodologies. A four-dimensional assessment framework encompassing outcomes, conversion, processes, and coordination is proposed to facilitate a unified evaluation of the performance of territorial, sectoral, and external governance actors.