This paper presents the design and implementation of a smart blind stick system aimed at enhancing mobility and safety for visually impaired individuals. The system integrates ultrasonic sensors for obstacle detection, GPS for real-time location tracking, and GSM technology for emergency communication. By combining embedded hardware with intelligent software, the device offers a cost-effective and user-friendly solution to assist navigation and ensure timely support during emergencies. The prototype demonstrates reliable performance in both indoor and outdoor environments, highlighting its potential for large-scale deployment in assistive technology.
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Dada et al. (2026) studied this question.
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