Congenital Glaucoma: Epidemiological, Clinical and Therapeutic Aspects in the Ophthalmology Department of Abass Ndao Hospital

Materials and MethodsThis was a retrospective study over 11 years, from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2020.It included the medical records of all children with congenital glaucoma, whether operated or not, who Summary Introduction:The objective of this study was to evaluate epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic and prognostic characteristics of congenital glaucoma in our context. Material and methods:This was a retrospective descriptive and analytical study over 11 years, including the medical records of all children followed for congenital glaucoma.We collected the following data: age of the child, age of discovery of symptoms, sex, history, clinical and therapeutic data.The monitoring parameters were the appearance of the filtration bubble, the corneal diameter, the transparency of the cornea, the ocular tone and the appearance of the papilla.After 6-month follow-up, the surgical intervention was considered successful if the final IOP was less than 15 mmHg without or with hypotonizing medical treatment.Results: Congenital glaucoma represented 4.5% of ophthalmic-pediatric consultations.The average age was 9 months and the sex ratio 1.54.Megalocornea found in 85% of cases.The average corneal diameter was 14 mm and corneal edema was found in 80% of cases.The average ocular tone was 22.63 mmHg.The fundus was accessible in 36.4% of cases.The average response time was 20.4 days.Trabeculectomy was done in 69.5%.After a 6-month post-operative follow-up, an average ocular tone of 14 mmHg was noted in 88% of cases.There was a lightening of the cornea in 92% of cases, a stabilization of the corneal diameter in 100% of cases and a normal optic disc in 24% of cases with a regression rate of the excavation of 26.66%.A failure rate of 12% was observed. Conclusion:The frequency of congenital glaucoma is quite high in our context, with a high rate of consanguinity.Despite a delay in diagnosis and treatment and difficult post-operative follow-up, a success rate at 6 months post-therapy of 88% was noted.