Key result
Hypertension is linked to ~16-point higher prevalence of electrolyte imbalance compared to normotension.
Why the study?
Electrolyte imbalance is common in hypertensive patients and linked to poor blood pressure management and cardiovascular comorbidities, but its prevalence and associated risk factors in hypertensive versus non-hypertensive patients in Cameroon were not well characterized.
Are electrolyte imbalances and specific associated risk factors more prevalent in hypertensive compared to non-hypertensive patients?
Cross-Sectional (n=101)
No
Are electrolyte imbalances and specific associated risk factors more prevalent in hypertensive compared to non-hypertensive patients?
Electrolyte imbalances, particularly hyponatremia, are highly prevalent in hypertensive patients, suggesting a potential role for routine electrolyte monitoring in hypertension management.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Hypertension was associated with higher electrolyte imbalance prevalence; hypothesis-generating for screening, prospective studies needed before practice change.
Background: Electrolyte imbalance is common in hypertensive patients and has been linked to poor blood pressure management and cardiovascular comorbidities. This study aimed to assess electrolyte Imbalance and Associated Risk Factors in Hypertensive and non-hypertensive Patients at Hope Service Clinic and Maternity, Yaoundé, Cameroon. Methods: This hospital-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from June to July 2024 among 101 participants (49 non-hypertensive and 52 hypertensive). A structured questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic, lifestyle, and clinical data of the participants. Serum electrolyte levels (sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, and chloride) were measured using standard methods. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with hypertension, with p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant at 95% confidence intervals. Results: Electrolyte imbalance was statistically significantly more prevalent in hypertensive (100%) than non-hypertensive (83.7%) participants (p=0.002). Age of hypertensive participants was statistically significantly greater than that of non-hypertensive (median age: 56 years and 42 years, respectively; p = 0.008), with most ages≥ 58 years. In the adjusted analysis, hyponatremia was associated with hypertension (aOR=101.31; p=0.001), and participants aged 18-27 years were less likely to be hypertensive than those aged ≥ 58 years (aOR=0.07; p=0.037). Normal potassium and magnesium were associated with protection against hypertension (aOR=0.06, p=0.022; aOR=0.14, p=0.028, respectively). Conclusion: There is a clear relationship between hypertension and age, as well as electrolyte imbalance, with sodium, potassium, and magnesium identified as important independent predictors. This clearly indicates the need for routine monitoring of electrolytes and lifestyle interventions in the management of hypertension.
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Enoh et al. (2026) conducted a cross-sectional in Hypertension (n=101). Hypertension vs. Non-hypertensive patients was evaluated on Electrolyte imbalance (p=0.002). Hypertension was associated with a significantly higher prevalence of electrolyte imbalance compared to non-hypertensive patients (100% vs 83.7%; P=0.002).
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