Effects of dexmedetomidine-remifentanil on hemodynamics and inflammatory responses in patients undergoing atrial fibrillation ablation

Figures

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  Figure 1:. Histograms showing hemodynamic levels across both groups. (A)–(F) correspond to the comparison of MAP, HR, CI, SBP, DBP and CO levels respectively; X axis represents time points, i.e. baseline (T 0), 10 min after induction (T 1), 10 min after maintenance (T 2), 10 min before the end of surgery (T 3), and at the end of surgery (T 4), the Y-axis represents the indicator level range; the marker line represents the median range; “ns” indicates P > 0.05 and “****” indicates P < 0.001.

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  Figure 2:. Change trend of hemodynamic indicator levels in the two groups. (A)–(F) correspond to the change trend charts of MAP, HR, CI, SBP, DBP and CO levels respectively; baseline (T 0), 10 min after induction (T 1), 10 min after maintenance (T 2), 10 min before the end of surgery (T 3), and at the end of surgery (T 4).

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  Figure 3:. Histograms of immunoinflammatory response indicatorsacross both groups. (A)–(F) correspond to the comparison of IL-6, TNF-α, CRP, PCT, IL-1β, and IL-10 levels, respectively. The X-axis represents the time points, baseline (T 0), 10 min after induction (T 1), 10 min after maintenance (T 2), 10 min before the end of surgery (T 3), and at the end of surgery (T 4). On the Y-axis, the indicator levels are displayed. Dashed lines indicate the median ranges. In statistical notation, ‘ns’ indicates a P-value above 0.05, a single asterisk “***” represents a P-value ranging from 0.05 to 0.001, and double asterisks “****” signify a P-value below 0.001.

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  Figure 4:. Change trend chart of immunoinflammatory reaction indicator level in the two groups. (A)–(F) respectively represent the trend of changes in IL-6, TNF-α, CRP, PCT, IL-1β, and IL-10 levels. Baseline (T 0), 10 min after induction (T 1), 10 min after maintenance (T 2), 10 min before the end of surgery (T 3), and at the end of surgery (T 4).

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  Figure 5:. Histogram of sedation score in the two groups. (A)–(F) correspond to the comparison of consciousness, respiration, circulation, reflex, muscle tension (1–3 points), and pain stimulation reaction scores respectively; the X axis represents the time point, i.e. 10 min before the end of surgery (T 3), and at the end of surgery (T 4); the Y axis represents the indicator level range; the marker line represents the median range; “**” and “***” indicates 0.05 > P > 0.001, and “****” indicates P < 0.001.

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  Figure 6:. Pie distribution diagram of adverse reactions rate across both groups. (A)–(B) correspond to the proportion of adverse reaction incidence in all patients for both groups, respectively; where red represents respiratory depression, blue represents nausea and vomiting, green represents hypotension, purple represents other adverse reactions, and yellow represents no adverse reaction.