A Prospective Observational Study of Leukoglycemic Index in the Prognosis of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Patients Presenting to a Tertiary Care Centre in South-Western Maharashtra

Background: Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of global mortality. The Leukoglycemic Index (LGI), an integrated marker of systemic inflammation and metabolic stress, has emerged as a simple, cost-effective prognostic tool in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This prospective observational study evaluated the prognostic significance of LGI in AMI patients with and without diabetes mellitus. Methods: Eighty-six patients admitted with AMI at KIMS, Karad were prospectively enrolled over 18 months and equally divided into diabetic (n = 43) and non-diabetic (n = 43) groups. LGI was calculated as the product of admission leukocyte count (×10?/L) and blood glucose (mg/dL). LGI categories were defined as <1500, 1500–2500, and >2500. Primary outcomes included in-hospital mortality, heart failure, arrhythmias, cardiogenic shock, and reinfarction. Statistical analysis used Chi-square, Student's t-test, and one-way ANOVA (SPSS v26; p < 0.05 significant). Results: STEMI was the predominant MI type (72%). Diabetic patients demonstrated significantly higher mean leukocyte count (13.8 ± 3.5 vs 11.4 ± 3.1 ×10?/L; p = 0.049), blood glucose (210 ± 55 vs 130 ± 28 mg/dL; p = 0.011), and LGI (2450 ± 540 vs 1750 ± 460; p = 0.031). Higher LGI categories were significantly more prevalent among diabetics (?² = 11.21, p = 0.031). In-hospital complications were more frequent in diabetics. Mortality increased progressively with LGI: 0% (<1500), 7% (1500–2500), and 24% (>2500; p = 0.01). LGI category was significantly associated with adverse outcomes (p = 0.031). Conclusions: LGI is a simple, readily calculable prognostic marker that effectively stratifies AMI patients by risk of complications and mortality. Higher LGI is strongly associated with adverse in-hospital outcomes, particularly in diabetic patients, making it a valuable tool for early risk stratification in resource-limited settings.