Loss of the Circadian Clock Protein Period 1 Mediates Sex‐Dependent Increase in Arterial Stiffness and Hypertrophic Remodeling in Mice

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  Figure 1. Global deletion of the circadian protein PER1 increases aortic stiffness and hypertrophic remodeling. A, Cumulative data of aortic PWV in WT and PER1 KO male (closed circle) (n=10) and female mice (open circle) (n=5) indicating increased aortic stiffness in PER1 KO male mice (B). Representative graphs of aortic tissue stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain showing increased adventitia thickening in PER1 KO (D) compared with WT male mice (C). E, Cumulative data of adventitial thickness measured from the aortic sections of male mice (n=4). F, Vascular reactivity shows dose–response contraction curves to phenylephrine in mesenteric segments (3rd order) isolated from WT (circles) and PER1 KO (squares) male mice (n=5). G, Vasorelaxation responses to sodium nitroprusside in phenylephrine‐precontracted mesenteric segments from PER1 KO and WT male mice. H, Vasorelaxation responses to acetylcholine in phenylephrine‐precontracted mesenteric segments from PER1 KO and WT male mice. Relaxation is expressed as a percentage of relaxation relative to the precontraction level. Sircol analysis of insoluble collagen (I), soluble collagen (J), and total collagen (K) in the aorta collected from…