Servant leadership, discipleship leadership and pastoral leadership for teacher and student character strengthening: a multi-site study

This study aimed to describe the implementation of the spiritual leadership of monks in Catholic schools. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative approach. The research design used a multi-site study conducted at three Catholic Junior High Schools in Malang, East Java, Indonesia. The three schools are Catholic Junior High School Frateran Celaket 21 Malang, Catholic Junior High School Santa Maria 2 Malang and Catholic Junior High School Sang Timur Malang. The study results show that in developing spiritual leadership in Catholic schools, school principals are imbued with Christian leadership, namely servant leadership, discipleship leadership and pastoral leadership. The application of Christian leadership positively impacts the formation of the personality of teachers and employees and strengthens the character of students.