Pediatric Aplastic Anemia: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management

This article provides a comprehensive overview of hereditary and acquired aplastic anemia in children, a rare but serious hematological disorder characterized by bone marrow failure and reduced production of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. It covers the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, differential diagnosis, treatment options, prevention, complications, and prognosis of the disease. Special attention is given to bone marrow examination, the identification of inherited bone marrow failure syndromes, immunosuppressive therapy, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. This article is intended for MBBS students and healthcare learners to support their understanding of pediatric aplastic anemia and its clinical management.