Inhibitors of PIM‐1 Signaling Pathways as Anticancer Agents: Pharmacological and Structural Viewpoints

Pim‐1, a carcinogenic threonine and serine kinase, inhibits apoptosis and advances the cell cycle. It is overexpressed in several human cancers. The proviral integration site of Moloney murine leukemia virus 1 is Pim‐1. Previous studies have shown that the Pim‐1 30‐UTR regulates the stability of Pim‐1 mRNA. Threonine and serine are identified as the proto‐oncogene Pim‐1 kinase. Pim‐1 mediates numerous biological processes, including apoptosis, cell division, proliferation, and cancer. Pim‐1‐mediated anticancer activity has been reported in several analogs of thiazole/ bis ‐thiazole, tetrazine, thiophenes, quinoline, pyrazolopyrimidine, 3‐cyanopyridine, thiazolidine‐2,4‐dione, thieno[2,3‐ b ]pyridine, triazolo[4,3‐ b ]pyridazine, pyrazolo[1,5‐ a ]pyrimidines, and pyrazolo[3,4‐ b ]pyridine derivatives. Additionally, flavonoids and amino alcohol compounds that constitute Pim‐1‐mediated cancer therapy have also been identified thus far. Many compounds with Pim‐1‐mediated cytotoxicity have been discovered up to this point, and scientists are currently concentrating on bringing novel compounds with anticancer potential to the market.