Wildlife management in the United States – thoughts on evolving to better address species overabundance and disease transmission

Wildlife managers across the United States face growing challenges associated with locally overabundant native species, invasive species, and increasing disease risks at wildlife–livestock–human interfaces. Drawing from field experience and emerging research, this opinion piece examines pressing issues for the profession: locally overabundant populations of white‑tailed deer and feral swine, and the diseases linked to these species. Traditional reliance on recreational hunting is often insufficient to meet population‑reduction goals for deer, particularly in suburban landscapes where hunting access and hunter participation limit effectiveness. Integrated strategies—including professional sharpshooting, private‐land access programs, venison donation programs, and exploration of regulated commercial harvest—may provide additional tools for agencies striving to reduce ecological impacts while enhancing societal benefits. For invasive feral swine, recreational hunting can exacerbate their spread, necessitating science‑based suppression led by trained professionals using targeted, highly effective removal methods. Disease concerns further highlight the need for interdisciplinary, One Health–oriented approaches to prevent and manage infections shared among wildlife, livestock, and humans. By embracing evolving technologies, strengthening human‑dimensions capacity, and engaging the public as partners, wildlife professionals can better address the multifaceted challenges of overabundance and disease in a changing management landscape.