Effects of UroVaxom on Urinary Tract Infection After Ureteroscopic Lithotripsy: A Multicenter Prospective Randomized Study

Background/Objectives: To evaluate whether perioperative UroVaxom reduces postoperative urinary tract infection-related findings after ureteroscopic lithotripsy. Methods: In this prospective, randomized, multicenter study, patients with a history of recurrent UTI who were scheduled to undergo ureteroscopic lithotripsy for unilateral renal or ureteral stones < 2 cm were assigned to UroVaxom 60 mg or placebo once daily for 1 week before and 2 weeks after surgery. Baseline characteristics, surgical outcomes, postoperative UTI, pyuria, bacteriuria, serum C-reactive protein (CRP), and adverse events were compared. Results: Of 73 screened patients, 57 were analyzed (placebo, n = 29; UroVaxom, n = 28). Baseline characteristics were comparable between groups. Operative time, hospital stay, and stone-free rate did not differ significantly. Febrile UTI occurred in 1 patient (3.4%) in the placebo group and in none of the UroVaxom group. At 1 month, pyuria and bacteriuria were significantly less frequent in the UroVaxom group, and mean serum CRP was also significantly lower. Adverse events were uncommon and similar between groups. Conclusions: Although this study did not demonstrate that perioperative UroVaxom significantly reduced the incidence of postoperative febrile urinary tract infection compared with placebo after ureteroscopic lithotripsy, UroVaxom was associated with lower rates of postoperative pyuria and bacteriuria and lower serum CRP levels at 1 month without increasing adverse events.